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A five-star rank is a very senior military rank, first established in the United States in 1944, with a five-star insignia,〔Oxford English Dictionary (OED), 2nd Edition, 1989. "five" ... "five-star adj., ... (b) U.S., applied to a general or admiral whose badge of rank includes five stars;"〕 and corresponding ranks in other countries. The rank is that of the most senior operational military commanders, and within NATO's "standard rank scale" it is designated by the code OF-10. Not all armed forces have such a rank, and in those that do the actual insignia of the "five-star ranks" may not contain five stars. For example: the insignia for the French OF-10 rank ''maréchal de France'' contains 7 stars; the insignia for the Portuguese ''marechal'' contains four gold stars; and many of the insignia of the ranks in Commonwealth of Nations contain no stars at all. Typically, five-star officers hold the rank of general of the army, admiral of the fleet, field marshal, marshal of the air force, general of the air force, and several other similarly named ranks. Five-star ranks are extremely senior - usually the highest ranks. As an active rank, the position exists only in a minority of countries and is usually held by only a very few officers during wartime. In times of peace, it is usually held only as an honorary rank. Despite the rarity and seniority of five-star officers, even more senior ranks have been adopted in the United States, namely, admiral of the navy and general of the armies. Other names for highly senior ranks from the twentieth century include ''généralissime'' (France), ''generalisimo'' (Spain) and ''generalissimus'' (USSR). ==Australian five-star ranks== *Admiral of the fleet〔The Australian insignia for admiral of the fleet, field marshal and marshal of the Royal Australian Air Force, depending on the era, are either identical to, or very similar to, the British insignia. Currently, Prince Philip is the only holder of these Australian ranks. Note that although the highest active New Zealand rank is three-star, (there are ''no'' New Zealand four-star rank holders), Prince Philip holds five-star ranks in the New Zealand Armed Forces.〕 *Field marshal〔 *Marshal of the Royal Australian Air Force〔 Only one Australian born officer (Sir Thomas Blamey) has held a substantive Australian five-star rank (field marshal).〔With the exception of Thomas Blamey and the Englishman William Birdwood, who both held the rank of field marshal, all other holders of Australian five-star ranks have been ceremonial.〕 HM King George VI and HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh have held all three Australian five-star ranks in an honorary capacity, and have been the only holders of the Australian ranks of admiral of the fleet and marshal of the RAAF. Image:Aus-Navy-OF10-shoulder.svg|RAN admiral of the fleet shoulder board Image:Generic-Navy-O12.svg|RAN admiral of the fleet sleeve lace Image:RAAF O11 rank.png|Marshal of the RAAF sleeve/shoulder insignia 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Five-star rank」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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